Right, we see your talk, Mark, please go ahead.
Hey, still see it?
Yes, looks good.
Oh, my pleasure to present the status of the LCP upgrades. So as the overview of
the talk, I'll start with a bit of motivation about why the flight physics in
the island of Seattle to be interested in, I'll go through the various upgrade
program that we have. So at least if we run one, and run two we collected and
integrate luminosity around 10 and plus from two bands, and now we're going to
upgrade first. Our first upgrade is to increase the instantaneous luminosity by a
factor of five. Now we have to cope with a pileup that was one in in the first
iteration of LGB. And then we got a pileup of five and then this will run through
bump three and one four of the, of the Elysee and then during LS three, we'll
make some small incremental improvements. To, for example, the electromagnetic
calorimeter we have to replace the animal modules because of radiation damage. And
then we now start to plan for a second upgrade, but we would increase the
instantaneous luminosity by a factor of 10 and try to run with a much, much higher
pileup again. So we would have about 50 interactions, the crossing and the data
said that we would have at the end of at the end of the upgrade one would be 50
inverse femto bonds and at the end of the second upgrade, we would like to click the
300 investment of bonds. Okay, so there are a lot of talks from Alex up. So
results physics results from like should be one and then also some talks on the
upgrade and you can find these throughout the conference. So why LTV? I hope max in
his talk this morning gave. Explain why while it should be interesting, but it's a
dedicated heavy flavor experiment, experiment the Elysee and the core part of
it program was to measure a CP violation in the B sector and study a B and C have
drawn the case. And you can see in the plot at the bottom which has the direction
that the two B's be part of the beepers that are produced and then they'll say
they're produced either in forward or backward direction. So, because of the
nature of the production of some of these beam reasons, that a lot of things happen
in the loops we can make indirect searches for for new physics. And during runs one
or two then we extended our physics program which most we make measurements in
electroweak physics, direct searches, also heavy ions fixed pocket stuff, so lacp we
can consider it as a forward as a general purpose detector in the forward region.
You can see here the acceptance in compared to the CMS experiment. So we had
a few hints for new physics and I think these flavor anomalies were discussed this
afternoon and at least to be summary talk, there's no discovery but I chose Why, at
least he is interested in why studying playdough physics gives you a different
handle on searches for new physics galaxy, then we would like to increase our
dataset. So we can start to look at extremely rare the case or we can start to
look with the case with branching ratios less than 10 or minus nine for example.
And then from the from the hardware point of view, during the run more than two,
then we had a level zero hardware trigger which limited the output rate to one takes
the input data at 40 megahertz and then limits the output rate to 1.1 megahertz.
So we could try to increase the instantaneous luminosity. But when we do
this, the essentially if you look at the plots we increase the instantaneous
luminosity for the hydronic modes when we cut harder and harder on transverse energy
and transverse momentum and we don't really gain anything in statistics. So the
trigger yield kind of flattens All fire as for the atomic mode, okay, we could just
increase the velocity as we want then because of the higher instantaneous
luminosity then we degrade the detector performance. And we also have to take into
account the radiation damage if the sensors, especially in the silicon
sensors. So this was the performance during Romana Memorial two. So, the things
that are crucial for the physics program and ECB is we need to separate the primary
and secondary vertices with a very high precision we need to be able to measure
the decay time with a very high resolution. And then also we need
excellent resolution so that we have good mass resolution. And then we also have the
particle ID detectors so you can see the chunko detect some apart from a chunk of
the injectors have a different momentum. We can separate right between proton k on
pion neons
and then in Rome on them we had this trigger that was running them to be able
to separate between electronic and hydronic final states and this will be a
complete software trigger in in upgrade one. So, this performance is the benchmark
for all of our upgrades. So, one core part of our program is as I said is
understanding the CPM mechanism and the CP violation and this comes in standard model
in CPM matrix. So, you can see here already in our letter of intent, this was
the, the limits on the CPM parameters in the Wolfram Stein parameterization is
Roland Roland eater. And then if you import the CPM matrix is unitary So, you
can impose relations like this, which then can be displayed in this set complex plane
as these angles alpha, beta and gamma and the so called unitarity triangle. So this
with all of the inputs from the B factories from A to B and from other
experiments, you can see this is the status of the seeking metric ck
measurements at in 2019. And after the phase one, you can see the improvement. So
this would include measurements from Bell two from Atlas and from CMS. And as one
example on this angle on the angle gamma, then we improve the improve the precision
for by an order of magnitude from now to the end of our upgrade program. Then,
we're also interested in extremely rare the case. So, this is a summary of all of
the major but the core measurements that we expect to make and we see how it
compares a bit. We have complimentary measurements to build to and to Atlas. And
there's one example from the radio case you can look at bs to me or Btw, and we'd
be able to measure it with a high precision for the first time. The ratio
between these two things and this gives us some test of minimal flavor violation. So
currently we have a measurement, that's a relative error of 90%. And after the
second upgrade, this will be reduced around 10%. Okay, so now on talk mostly
about the detectors, this was a long story that started already in 2008, when we had
the first expression, expression of interest for an upgrade, and I'm through
all of the TDR program from the different sub detectors. So the conditions the
instantaneous luminosity is a factor of five what we had in one one or two, and we
aim to click the total integrate luminosity 50 inverse into bonds with this
much higher pileup. And the challenge obviously, is to maintain the
reconstruction performance apart like the performance and everything in this much
other environment and to remove completely the level zero trigger and Without the
complete detector at 14 megahertz This is the sketch of the detector. So, we replace
completely the tracking system or the new vertex detector and then new tracking
stations before and after the magnet, then we have the two chunk of detectors where
the entire rich one is essentially replaced and rich Do we have new photon
detectors and then for the color emitters in the neuron system, the hardware is
essentially the same, but then we just replace all of the electronics and then
all of the detectors have to replace the readout electronics such that we can run
with 40 megahertz readout. So, for the data processing, this is essentially the
scheme that was used in round one and round two, but this will be used again for
the for the upgrade. So we take the LCB bunch crossing we have a collision rate 40
megahertz we have the detector readout, which is running at 40 megahertz. Then we
have to process the essentially the 30 megahertz and non empty events. And this
is done on hlt farm. So we do a reconstruction, partial reconstruction and
we make a selection based on the transverse energy transfer of men and
things like this. And then after we select these events, these events get referred to
a desk where a subset of the data is used to run alignment and the calibration
procedure. And then the alignment calibration is fed back into the
reconstruction. And then we start the process the the data that's on the disk is
we do the full reconstruction. So already in our high level, second level trigger,
we're using the offline data quality. So we have the offline reconstruction Roman
already in this hltv two one, so we don't have to do so much data processing
offline.
So these are the same alignment coefficients. They can put back in the
offline processing. And from this, we then reduce the data rate down such we're right
now at Hubert per second. And we have two data streams. One is the full data stream,
which then gets processed offline. And then we have the second model, where we
already have directly the physics objects that come from the hlt. And we throw away
the rest of the event so we don't store the roar event. So we can keep a larger
fraction of the events. And then one last one recent development is that the full
hlt one reconstruction will run on GPS. So this is a sketch of the gun line. So the
detector from an electronics This is all on the ground. This is then data is
transmitted to the data center on the surface, but we have the PCs that do the
building. And we have the boards which do the data processing. So take That takes
the data from the front and backs it makes the event makes the event fragments which
are then built on this event builder PCs with the event builder network that you
can see here. And then the data is transmitted to this filter farm, which are
CPUs when we process the data. So the readout boards are this PCI 40 board which
is also used by others. And it's a large FPGA and can process data with up to 48
links. And this has three different firmwares that we use one for the controls
one for the time in the distribution, the clock, and one for the data acquisition,
and then the GPUs. So in event builder PCs, we have two slots where we put the
GPUs in this. So the full hlt one can run on a brown 500 GPUs. Now the vertex
detector, this is the detector that's closest to the interaction region. So like
the color detector that we have it's retractable so we can open when the Elysee
object and then we close when the galaxies in the physics motoring collided mode and
so, we move much closer now to the beam. So, the first measurement point is already
a 5.1 millimeters whereas before it was eight millimeters the detectors themselves
you can see the modules here they operate in a secondary vacuum and you have these
aluminum foils, which separate the detector volume from the beam volume. So,
you can see you see them here on a thin aluminum foils they are machined to 250
microns thick, and then we do a chemical process to actually come down on 50
microns. And here you can see easy the modules so in total are 5200 pixel modules
with 41 million pixels to cover their smaller, small area Now, you can see a
module. So, the module was then. So, the consensus you have four. So, the consensus
module two on the side, two on the other side and these are bonded bonded to the
reader, a six which is 256 by 256 pixel array. So, develop x. So, you have 12 of
these per module, the set on a silicon substrate which has a micro channels
etched into this and then yeah, then we use a battery of co2 cooling through the
micro channels. So, that we can maintain it maintain temperature of around minus 20
degrees Celsius. So, we also have to deal with high bandwidth. So, the hottest AC
can transmit data at the order of 20 gigabits per second and the sensors
themselves and op sensors we have to use Extremely radiation how technology because
the expected Fluence in an office region is around eight times 10 to the minus 13
neutron equivalent. So the second part of the tracking system is the upstream
tracker. So this is four layers of silicon which upstream of the magnet compared to
the previous detector has a much much finer granularity and you can see here as
you get closer to the beam, we go from wide pitch sensors down to narrow narrow
pitch sensors and in the innermost region, then we have half size sensors with a
small pitch and we have this cut off region around where the beam pipe goes to
the we improve the acceptance, hater.
The modules themselves they're mounted on a state so this is a state a sketch of the
state and it's double sided. You can see one side here and we have the seven
silicon sensors on this side. sermon on the other side and then read out for the
new basic, which is the salt basic, which takes analog data to six as a six bit ADC
we do the pedestal and common mode subtraction, zero suppression things here
the sensors bonded to the to the basic basics then bonded to these flex cables on
the flex cables and then connected via the so called picture turned on the flex
circuit to the reader electronics which is mounted outside the acceptance on the
detector frame
Mark about five minutes
okay. So then we have the sim laying fiber tracker. So these are long synthetic
fibers which are read out with a silicon photomultiplier at one end to Silicon
multiply sit in these cold boxes, which are because the sap ends up to be cool to
around minus 40 degrees to cope with the neutron radiation that's expected in the
end upgrade, we have a new, a sick, which is m read out. And then we do some
clustering FPGA board which is nice from M boxes. For the particle ID then as I said
earlier when we have to check off detectors and they provide particle ID in
different momentum ranges. For the first chunk of detector, we replace everything.
So, it was the gas you can see here a sketch of the the optical readout system.
So we replace the mirrors we replace the quartz window, we replace the glass
enclosure, and this is the focal plane where you set the readout. So, the readout
we've changed from HP DS in the in the previous iteration abilities, and this
will Deanna Fulton room for the multiply chips from alma mater. And you can see
here one of the fully assembled columns, which has two types of one inch and a PMT
s and then outside as the Larger two inch painting for the color emitters and the
neon system then we remove some detectors that were only used for the level zero
trigger and replace all of the readout electronics. So the last thing I want to
talk about is the upgrade to so this is a new story that started two years ago,
three years ago in 2017. In collaboration with accelerator, so we want to increase
the luminosity by a factor of 10. So we run a 1.5 times 10 to the 34 and collect
this integrated Lumosity 300%. Advance. Now we have a much much harder environment
to working on, we have to try to maintain the same reconstruction performance as
before. So we have to go to higher granularity detectors and then we try to
introduce timing information for the tracking and for the particle ID So, this
is just a sketch of the plan detectors we have the tracking system, we will have new
detectors. Already in the LS three, we will install some stations which will be
single layer bars for a DARPA si p EMS in magnets. So just on the sides of the
magnet to improve resolution on long momentum tracks and the moon install a
time of flight detector to give a decent to improve the particle ID for low
momentum tracks. And here this would be a torch detector so it has caught quartz
which is then read out with these micro channel bmps outside to about two minutes.
Okay, so this we have time resolution around 15 Pico seconds per particle. Then
we've completely replaced the tracking stations again so we go in In the vertex
detector go thinner sensors try doing the timing. So the order of 200 picoseconds
per hertz, and we get the order of 20 picoseconds per track in the tracking
downstream of the magnet and we wouldn't have the gain silicon detectors in the
central region, assembling fibers outside. And then for the for the particle ID there
would actually be big changes in the upgrade to so we would remove completely
hadron calorimeter and replace it with additional shielding for the Mian
stations. And we would then install a new electron electromagnetic calorimeter with
much finer segmentation with the time than planes so that we can have time resolution
around 20 to 50 Pico seconds. And then there's a lot of work going on on the
ideas of using FPGAs and GPUs for the online reconstruction. Van just wanted to
flash Slide to say there's a so there's a lot of r&d going on across the
collaboration. It's we're looking for the the color imagery, you can see an example
here is tungsten with crystal fibers inside. So, this has been used in a test
beam, then the CMOS tracker, which will be is proposed to be used in the inner region
that's the tracker down stream with a magnet we already started working on chip
design. So, this will be based on the next iteration of doubtless pixel v3 pixel. And
then there are some development for new
gas detectors for the service, you are well protected for the means. And again,
just something time in detector can be used for the time of flight check off
detector. So I come to my conclusions. So an upgrade one bit started in 2008. And
we're now coming to the end of the story by the end of the construction phase. And
the installation phase is well underway. All of the detectors were in full
production mode, after say the schedule has become a lot more challenging than it
was. And we have to continually assess the impact of the pandemic. And finally, there
was a lot of active r&d going on to develop the baseline designs for the
upgrade to and we expect to produce a framework TDR where we would have first
cost estimate and first proposed detector at the end of next year, or in next year.
Okay.
Thank you very much. Mark. Are there questions for Mark? If you have a
question, please raise your hand and then we'll see what's the participants
So far, I don't see any questions. You covered quite a lot of material in that
talk. I guess 111 question I had are many other talks mentioned the difference,
let's say certain common electronics like LPG, bt and so on. You're also making use
of these, I presume as well.
All of our readout is based on GBT. Sure. Okay, all well controls the GBT SCA and
then we have the GTX GTR x for the data transmission.
Okay, so the same as the others.
Going for the last questions. Any, any more questions coming up? Mark? I think we
are at the end of the question. So thank you very much, Mark. And thank you. I'd
like Thank also with my co chair. Hello. Yeah, we see you then, as well, the
speakers. Yes, I think we'd like to thank all the speakers for their picosecond
timing, precision, and that we're finished on time. Of course we'd like to thank the
organizers as well. I don't know Paul, if you wanted to say anything more.
No, I think he said everything.
And before we end I don't know if the organizers want to say any last words
before we close today's session.
While we can just thank all the participants for having attended today's
session and contributed to the discussions and we restart the game tomorrow at the