Thank you.
Thank you very much. So yes, I'm in charge of starting the makeup session today. And
so my, my talk is, will be a very
short review on some of the progress that has been achieved
in the last in the last year or so. So we'll focus mostly on the most recent
results and results from the theory. And among those I've chosen knows that I'm in
Moscow impact on the experimental walk napkins mean going on.
So
physics
Well, we all know that top Quark is one of the main influencers in the head community
and has many followers. You can see from
Here is snapshot on the rate of papers, the normalization is on the highest value
316
around 2015 in phase within summary on the Higgs boson, and then you see also that
peak around this corner of the top. Anyway, the thought is always in our mind.
And the reason basically is that it doesn't appeal. intrinsic appeal then
depends on the many different ways that it can be started. So we like to think of it
as a tool to investigate the standard models of make precision measurements of
its properties. If there's also the feature that in Europe
in new models we make capital for statesmanship, we have a nice Comber you
know, and that we may allow us to also explore
You in your interactions.
So let's go I'll be running a nice presentation in four parts of
Colbert essential on the top properties in facts. And so I'll start with the most
important property of the thought though, which actually ultimately fixes and gives
rise to all his special property respecting now in their work so, so this
is now established, even experimentally that you've got a Catholic is around is
about to be one.
So the dominant cloud for the top mass comes from an economic symmetry breaking.
And therefore, to some extent, that is the only natural Quark Enos and the moment in
that respect that Allah Quark which has this mass exactly in the week scale.
So this is a nice finishing one. The first
One that we will see today and so, what
we still have to understand and attracts a lot of our attention. So, nucleus large
mass use a sizable collection from electronic observables and therefore, we
were able to actually almost observe it before it was actually falling on the
floor and drives forever changing the track currents and contributions in the
Solomon limits. Now, if you use if one was seamlessly mass on the top is arising from
a theory of files per se and I know leaners, Gamal know then he realizes that
such a large mass buys from were mechanism for his generation, which is a very low
scale, you know, if you see and therefore that's why also we are interested in the
top part. And as we all know it from driving
Experiment ology
and also makes potential in timescales. So, the mass of the Higgs that is one on
the Catholics richer in the Standard Model influences on the higher energy behavior.
So, this is a
this is shown in this little famous, famous plotter on the left hand side the
fact that his mass drives needs for potential to be unstable at very high
scales and therefore, it shows that a lot of faith of the effects of the model is
the only theory apply a scale.
So, what if you find yourself in a stable region and as this is important because,
as shown here, this position of this on the fence functionally on the value of
A class which we measure experimentally, and then I can sign the internal
consistency on the sun the moment is also very much dependent on the value
of the puppet master. And here surely what the PDG it shows that currently there is
some kind of tension between the direct and the indirect measurements at
the top mass. So this find, no it's an indirect the indirect measurement, find
the muscle with thought, like higher if the maximum value is the client.
Okay, so the thought must mean the most important parameter is actually run alert.
That is the least understood there's not a lot of stylism on this mute, sit, relax
the thinking in terms and payments are all mass which is the position on the pole. If
the top was the
A lesson from a theorem which is not so this object and some kind of local
mechanic pretty recently flexing lift back net. So what is massiveness? Likely
undefined? May several hundreds of me. And there's been a study recently by Rivas,
Neo and collaborators from Milan, or they showed really that nice no mail. This is
actually a reflection of several of the news. And this is a plot showing that
defense on the radios on the y axis is very normal. And so how big are these
uncertainties? No problem looking at the surface. You see that for Ms bone mass,
which is a short distance months now, slightly smaller than the full mass, but
they're both there for up syllable return for inclusion.
So it's also conclusive a parameter which is the sharpness parameter then as far
this is a very recent paper.
By catonian collaborators which shows them defer to the team expansion, when on the
cross sectional, the top human in terms of distributions behaves much better. If a
message showbusiness must use but actually the understanding why. So it's not really
clear yet. So still understanding. But this is an interesting observation on what
it is. So our person with the expansion of keeping my cross section behaves method
when expressed in terms of a short distance, mass. So there's been an effort
in the last years also Andre on his family said, you were introducing argues for some
kind of interpolating mass between the mass short distance and long distance.
Actually, all these muscles that he introduced, an R is a short distance mass,
but so long, depending on the scale in which he's calculating, you can throw it
to me all the shortness those muscles met the new forms in the class.
Now on their way
I'm accessing the puppet masters on this does and then see well one is indirectly
from the perception measurement not from a construction of fantasy objects. And very
recently also this idea of accessing through to measurement on this law on the
value muscle and don't have to focus until it says so you see on this left hand plot,
you see the machine on the right a mass changes. Now event man is our animal for
changes law and the mass of the goal. It's like the mass on the top. So these
measurements, if possible, would lead to a measurement on the shortness of mass or
equivalent, occasional mass. So his argument has been confirmed that later my
journey collaborators were also use the Erie summation to predict the region
around the transition, which is not a smooth air. However, the changes lock is
still there, and therefore can be used to determine it.
shortness customers infinity.
Now,
what about the production, so,
tough as mean falling social distancing, so far it only goes out with relatives,
people Tiki Bar comes up in pairs or it goes out alone, most of the time money
goes up in other part because the cross section so the frequency is much lower.
And it goes now and then very quickly, so we go and they feel that a minute because
whenever we ask when an associate the production and even more right from our
owners or managers when other people are asked in the final state, so the same kind
of studies are now being performed. Also, for single top it says this property and
this is a strong production repairs, single pups in a week.
Production electronic production, and therefore is more sensitive to the
calculations that happens when we thought about tracking along with automation
recently.
So what how do we proceed that to make predictions? Well, there is a new time in
the field. So now we are always new news to think about, you know, Leaning,
leaning, and that's the next option. And then when we think them is in terms of the
living thermistor, sounding acoustic, different actions. So in this block here,
this kind of power connection is this one on the left hand, and is what normally
people talk when they talk about meaning and meaning. They're also left with
corrections which are mixed correction here in this model, essentially narrow,
which is a mix of
corrections, but also weaker interactions are.
So this is a way of hierarchy. There are many terms and enter this amplitude level
so far, so
If I want the next 3d motor computation, I interfere involved usually with Yvonne
well, but if I looking for the next the next I also for all, who was for actual,
if I'm looking for next let me know that electroweak then I start mixing diagrams
and therefore, the way we compute them becomes much more complicated and
and then in different bonds and different multiplication has to be included. So,
this is a neat idea. Now, the trend is to actually be able to compute the formula
and then all what they call what they call the complete end alone which means all the
configuration returning this line on this block but which are here and also estimate
contribution which are difficult nowadays to compute the return this next next
meaning burner and a three connection which is blocked here, return estimate and
by combining financial in the multimedia
Factor
okay. So where are we where what do we need? Well nowadays what we reach is
certainly next to really complete for most of the production processes less than less
than anything on there for QC is only available for the two main production
mechanism. And we know that it's important to control uncertainties. And then of
course, there are a bunch of financial which in this third direction role and we
some alarms log contribution or any case reason which are universal, as we as those
for example, let karma from
loop a while loop inducible which leads to introduction of the moon. So this is the
topic right and the next step is social Python the thought that thought as a weird
The reason is originally error estimation. Effective an eye opener which relates the
fact that
As a silent lifetime, actually it gives very briefly, and therefore as we know,
it's almost
naked, it does not realize and this gives us a number of possibilities only space
for me and not
for anybody for the fact that we can measure the synchronization. And therefore
we have a fourth direction in the top Nikkei, which allows us to access a city
on tomorrow.
So another famous one in the top physics is the fact that top Nikki's are mostly in
visa and therefore is the is the key model is unique, basically, right? And this has
been measured even by CMS obviously easier with a ballot measure coming from Sumo
pop.
So what Amanda wave so the weave, for us is a complication is a complication
because it's a lot if you want to achieve but very pressing
Production tuning them with the fact we have to also include the contribution
which I know resonant diagrams work. But that's not even up here is an intermediate
state. There is a technology that's being developed up today. And that is given a
very nice interview yesterday. And
so what we are now able to put for an clinician for Musa Musa he also proceeded
with for a very large number of top five states. So this is a summary of our state
of the speakers of our opinion chosen. today.
I'm not going to go through this Mr. Mentor as a reference, but just a you can
really see that our status is right right now has been truly tremendously and we
have a complete lesson meaning for basically all processes and that appear in
this list and also many reasons
retirees son that a threshold within less than less cleaning on their resolution and
yet often effects and also which is important for a lessee measurement. Most
of the results are also available interface with the shower and even merger
and match that with that move them as subjects contribution from experts. So, is
this also interesting that there will be also talks among these in the panel
session I mentioned in one moment, yesterday, there will be tomorrow thought
may nominate on the computer or actions on a single thought and a thought my UI nice
on you on this? Because I'm thinking about nominee and completeness. So even going
there on Friday.
So what do we do with all this procedure? Right? Why we actually spend so much time
energy and money to make these
A standard moment calculation so accurate. Well, there is a way of thinking about it,
of course is towards measuring understanding and be sure on the standard
moment sizes, best stress testing on them on on the warning, but on the other hand
is really to search for new physics as much as research when you visit Nanakuli
in Tennessee. So, today is the novel is that people use for doing this is that on
the efe were we allowed the standard longer with a tower of operators which can
you mention six or higher and then you have the supporter is shown here on the
right is then the year that as where as our procedural accuracy goes up, so our
uncertainty go down. Now our access our ability to point to a higher scale point
when you're scanning lambda influences so our last meeting exploring how to scale
goes on. So there is a new way, a different way of accessing your energies
and scarcity, which goes beyond the engines of medicine in itself, which is
through precision, right. So this way of searching for your physics is not limited
by nature of the calendar, but only with the precision of our measurements. So it's
really powerful in principle, and that's the way in considerable effort is been
going on.
So, one of the ways we do this, well there is a tooth in mind and there is a way my
guest accessing Catholics have a thought and in this example of dizzy final state,
which show which hand a top and dizzy, but also in final states where one of the two
particle is missing. Here given the example of dizzy from lecture when the top
is in the loop, okay? And this is the same as I was showing before, where I was
looking at gamma gamma
Pop mass as an effect in May observable fantasy, but then is not thought, per se
in the fantasy. So there are two kinds of observables, which we can use in terms of
the thought or without the top on the political merely consuming. So how does it
work? Well, it's complicated in the Union, there are many operators. But in the end,
the committee is learning how to deal with that. Even though now different degrees of
freedom, these things are actually much less than what and then in eighth, now
another scalping approach will give you so he's also an augmenting principle that
helps understanding in somewhat porting your hierarchy among those operators those
interactions, which are mostly probable, I think, than manual physics. So we
classified them. We have tools and papers, which tells us what group
and experimental communities start with
Looking into this, but so for example, I must be what one makes a list like in this
demo of how many of our processes with tops in the final state and mixer list on
the, on the columns on each of these few of them, which enter a look were named
after. Okay? So for example, we can this is rejected, which isn't a Cinderella of a
thought process production processes with a hate handle fan color cross section, of
course, is not our first process that we look at and we'll talk more in the
following you find enough time when you see this process are fantastic property,
but actually, if you miss it, basically Oh, almost all new furniture which have
been missing here. There will be another pop back on Friday on specific topics
company, which I certainly invite them to follow. So let me reiterate in the last
four minutes, let me give you true example I will not make it perfect.
There is a fourth example in the initial material and then
So, something recent
there is a discrepancy. So, what happens in the solicitation in the lower in volume
mass measurement on the 50 mark threshold, if I compare theory with experiment I
assume that theory undershoot the data or something, which is somewhat outside our a
certain command. So, this has been not this now, since some time and I remind you
that several years ago like 20 years ago, people actually look at this threshold
effect. So, can I give an iron condor episode as shown and propose that maybe
there was a picture exactly as the flashy miners because in the color singlet
channel of new loops and TMR and then the tops are produced very close to threshold
are very slow in the brackish water and the non psychosexual executive sexual
Then in recent calculation by one knee, and collaborators, as shown, then these
affect these no higher or that his effect is still here actually, isn't that much
more refined from potential effects? And the need on the right and the plot that
you see here, that includes all these effects in us the conceptual influential,
and by an amount, which is still not there, even but it goes in the right
direction. So why am I mentioning these in the context of NFP? Well, because there's
been measurement even by CMS about that, in this meme, and as we used to cross
train for example, they exchange on the top
in the threshold, which means their contribution to this Mina, which scales
like wipey Square and therefore can we use that to construct a new cover company, and
this is a loop effect right is the heat without leaves is a Tiki Bar effect.
Which is sensitive also to the gamma calculate of the top. So I'm really
interesting. I think there will be work for the next month to come to see how
these result I'm affected by this new computation. So I really just have three
minutes. Yeah. Free Yes. Okay.
So when I'm on EasyJet as the example I was using before, so from the Cinderella
thought, single topic electoral process is
a CMS and both Apple and CMS at the office and easier as be measured
as a measure of this process. Now, we have a cross sector measurement, which is
actually in agreement with theory as potential and why this is so interesting.
Well, because we recently now Come soon, a new prediction from theory in the complete
and the law predictions, so electroweak and using the corrections both in the full
flavor in the five flavors key, so we are really ready to compare with our
Message Thunder model and to calculate the difference between our exponential is
Thunder moment and the measurement to actually constrain your physics. So then
the number of operators the number of deformations on this phenomenon in an
entity this process is actually very exciting There are even cancellation there
is a new type of behavior can be Mouser. We'll talk more about these on Thursday
afternoon. And this process actually has a huge potential for the term meaning and
measurement this definition is shown by this connection which have been calculated
next one will be more curious interestingly, when I seen the ninja tail
operators, and the largest effect as exactly we expect from these kind of
physics effects in detail, so let me close the main just flashing the Tiki Bar is the
experimental result. So it's also mean that now in perpetuity,
In CMS, within the
medic Smith approach. So you see here a comparison with the dynamic constraints
from CMS top down, not through, not through measurement, and directly from the
data of these coefficients compare within the termination that groups repeats, and
achieve. So what is this bringing us to Alaska cruise lines? Well, it's allowing
us to
add the possibility of concentrating globally with top sector. So this is an
effort that has been going on since almost five years has been fine, me or my group,
my new top theatre group, which are starting these efforts in 2015. And then
there's new follow with a candle that I find interesting going on. And now I'm
here, I'm showing you
Have these adverts one done as filter one done by this whole May as method
collaboration, where in most cases allowed to nominal top syllable as included in the
next meeting Gordon excuse me finishing this man as he was then you see from here,
I just made a this rule Kersey over the limit from the no mixer we were on tripod
years ago in the context of ended up working for Uber and now he's on the moon.
So let's say they're very one then actually
leaving it for me today. So as I was saying before, this is a letter that has
been asked me to do it globally, because even proposed trains operator which enter
in the top sector, we actually need observables coming from measurement in the
electric sector and in the hip sector. So this is what's going on.
Now, of course, the number of operators in places, many people defending the feet, of
course increases is a first name flailing around the clock when we show that this is
possible, right, and then needs only work and work to be done. So this is my last
line, which Michael fusion. So the top Quark is special. And this new special
actually relies on the fact that he's always done that work in the summer
moment. It plays an important role and invalid in easily three behavior. He
suggests right suggesting that it could be highly some surprise or some insights on
our momentum breaking a sector. There have been tremendous improvement in the last
few years on making standard modern financial return accurate and complete. No
completely not. And then the law has been completed.
Prove that which opens up the possibility of making studies that only a few years
ago when thinking about. So that, you know, in the same time it is a campaign or
precision menu, which we will hear more in the following, which allows us to measure
properties in percentage precision in the main channel. And all successes in for the
first time we were at the final state state commission. If you are single, we're
unthinkable even to me precisely mutual for and now we have a framework which is a
lot global, which is universal, that allows us to interpret this measurement,
trying to really make the most out of them to maximize their
sensitivity by combining maximally and obviously observable in various sectors,
prediction even from this framework are now available.
in increasing order on accuracy, and the father, these are very right and act in
line of development. We're actually here is an experiment police are working in a
really interconnected way. Thanks very much. Thank you for your for this very
nice. Are you with me interesting results summarized. So we have 220 participants.
So I'm sure there are some questions, so please raise your hand
so that we can unmute you.
I don't see any hands. So maybe I start so can you comment maybe on the because you
had a very nice summary table, about the different level of accuracy on your slide
21.
Then
Yeah, okay can you come into about the tools to be able to use that? Well, in
particular, the nano computation we spot on shower first and then maybe something
about inclusion of the the little bit
21 issue go and the possibility to include
the
decay at the same order as it kills the tops together with those.
I cannot hear you.
Yeah, sorry I muted myself
all this life even though
the name doesn't matter anyway. So the point there that so far we have now
different tools which are available. Calculate next the next one in the world
and observables
for today,
Kumar. And also we have professional institutional for civil pop and these are
in the form of
multi catalog, not locally mentioned anything, but they follow a consensus that
they are not providing events and waiting. Okay.
So there is an effort from going to a
more general approach going so far as far as the law, tiki bar
is not steel at the moment the processes when we hope we're making good progress in
the future, as far as I know, of course, maybe the will.
So there's no end in the law plus
and yes, or necessarily the law. Yes. framework for the moment.
And this
is also why we're awesome forward.
Thought UK and therefore can make and you can also
make your initial from distributions worst inclination, so to some extent implement.
Okay. And the other equipment so questions for Fabio
yeah Greg, let's try to
you can talk now.
Hi Hi there.
Quick question. So on slide 20 you mentioned this all the calculations which
are either done or about to get done and all of these five flavors scheme is it any
different than for flavor scheme is it harder or simpler?
All right, sorry. Nice was a
you know I was ordering then using the face key Franklin was even says that some
of these results
nosamo these methods can be studied in moleskin. So for example, you notice a
nice table and Tiki Bar BB bar. And the reason was that I was thinking in terms of
five schemes not that those are missing, there are conditionals in both schemes as
I was mentioning for EasyJet for example, both for flavor and in five flavor
and there will be more I mentioned that in the final section. So when you make thurs
we add both,
we think that now we understand somewhat
Well, I'm gonna call them and say something about your nice lovely, well,
the flow flavor scheme in the initial state, and all the progress has been made
there. So we somewhat handle now surfaces that come from these two different scheme.
If the knees come from a nation state. I must say that this is not the safest
final step
is to enlarge on certain things. For example, if you keep up the bar, a lot of
progress is we make there. Also the conference on the expo session working
group met someone and we are lacking some fundamental understanding on what's going
on them when one scheme is really met than than another for depending of course on
the observable for right from the age of appsumo, which we are interested in. So
there is a lot of work going on in that direction.
Okay, thank you. Fabulous. I think we should move on with the next talks. Thank
you all. Yeah, so just, yeah, we forgot to remind you, when you raise your hand and
ask a question, please remind.
Remind us your your name and experiment that would be nice.