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Yep, we see that's good.

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All right, very good. Okay, so I'll give
you some selected highlights from the CMS

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HLS HCM program. Now of course, the aim of
all this is to enable the full program for

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both precision measurements as well as
direct searches for rare processes and

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subtle and or exotic signatures in the
search for beyond the Standard Model

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physics in the pure environment of the HL
hc. So you face three challenges, so the

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high radiation environment which
necessitates the complete replacement of

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the tracker and then cap calorimeter
systems, as well as the gold operation of

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the barrel decal to mitigate for increased
noise in the PDS and also, of course, a

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major program of electronics overhaul and
consolidation of the barrel counter

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emitters and systems behind pileup
motivates improved granularity Wherever,

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wherever possible, as well as novel
approaches to in time pilot mitigation,

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and in particular the use of precision
timing detectors. And finally, the high

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luminosity requires substantially improved
the level one trigger performances to

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offer better selectiveness despite because
of the high rate of new physics or physics

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events, rather despite the high pileup
environment, and a complete overhaul of

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the trigger and the ACU systems. And so
it's these challenges that define the

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scope of the CMS HL will exceed upgrade
program. Well, this is summarized in this

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somewhat busy slide, you see starting from
the top right hand corner in blue. A

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summary of what I summarized as major
electronics upgrade and consolidation for

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the barrel color amateurs and your systems
on the left hand side and green the

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complete room placement of the tracker
calorimeter endcap, as well as the level

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one trigger hltv cue chain. And finally on
the bottom right hand side and purple new

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detector systems, of course, the most
notable of these being the timing

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detector, but also a new gem and new
generation RPC Yon chambers to augment the

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system. So, the scope of both for all this
was set up in the conceptual design report

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and since then we have completed a series
of TDR that detailed each of the different

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projects, the most recent of which being
the trigger TDR, which is currently under

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review by the FCC. And we look forward to
the remaining TDRS with the aq h lt and

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more specialized systems that's a Brill
PPP PPS And finally, a computing TDR

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one slide is a teaser for the

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trigger TDR.

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On the top left hand side, you see a
schema of the the level one trigger of

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CMS. And I've highlighted here two notable
new ingredients of this. So there is a

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level one tracking trigger. And I'll have
more about that in a moment. And then in

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yellow, you see that of course, having
tracks available at the level one together

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with calorimeter. And new on primitives
enables the use of Particle Flow that

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level one something that was previously
deployed at the high level trigger. Moving

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on then to the starting, if you like from
the inside out and looking now at the

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tracker with phase two tracker. On the top
left hand side, you have the usual quarter

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layout view and you see and there are six
tracking layers. Other tracking layers in

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the central region followed by a number of
end caps and a substantially extended in

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pixel system. The goal of this is to
provide an extended either coverage going

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beyond the previous coverage or beta 2.4
result. And all the way up to eat up for

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you see, do you see that and the plot at
the top right hand side where the tracking

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points are shown. This of course is
intended both to extend the acceptance but

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also to for pilot mitigation. For example,
in terms of BPF, generally construction

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meant and so on. Now, one way we set up
very aggressive target in terms of

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reducing the material budget on the top,
the bottom right hand corner rather, you

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see a comparison between the material
budget of the current tracker and that on

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the phase two tracker, it's a very
dramatic change. You see that to the Pico

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material In the face to tracker is about
70% of the radiation length and that's

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half the material that's present in the
current tracker. That was done in a number

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of ways. One of them is illustrated here
in the bottom left hand corner, where as

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you can see in the overall layout we have
for the entire three tracking layers. We

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have tilted sensors that are brought in to
complement the standard the barrel and

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endcap sensor configurations. And on the
next slide, you see that this has gone now

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from detailed design to quite advanced
thermal mechanical mock ups. And here on

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the bottom right hand side we demonstrate
Another feature of the design that is

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again used in this aggressive reduction
and material budget and that is the

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deployment of co2 cooling. So these are
cooling tests for one of these rather

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reasons Arctic tilted barrel sections and
showing the excellent performance of the

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co2 cooling. And those structures

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are a key conceptual

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novelty of this phase two tracker was the
introduction of so called for PT modules.

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So these are modules that integrate to
closely spaced silicon layers. And as you

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can see by the diagram on the top left
hand side, this allows to measure not only

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the position but actually the direction
vector and the pipeline of particles that

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lets you combine in pairs of these hits
into stop vectors if you like, let's see

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discriminate vectors, according to their
curvature and the four Tesla field of the

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CMS, a superconducting magnet, and that
lets you locally discriminate. vectors are

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stops that are associated to tracks to the
PT above or below to GDP. And so those

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stubs above two gv can then be sent to the
level one trigger for further processing.

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That's illustrated on this slide, where
you see that the tracker is organized into

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five slices, those five slices are time
multiplexed in such a way that one trigger

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box if you like, level one trigger box has
visibility over an entire fi slice. And

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then there is a search, there's a seeded
search. For tracks. It's illustrated in

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three little plots on the top right hand
side that lets you generate level one

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trigger primitives. down on the bottom you
see the efficiency versus a function of P

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t and then as a function of eater over the
full range of eat up to close to 2.5 for

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nuance and it's flattened at about 100%
and the electrons and goes above 80% for

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bt above 10 gV over most of the acceptance
region. And you see on the bottom right

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hand side, this is now the track rate that
sent to the generated by the level one

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trigger, applying the threshold, in this
case, three GB and you see that the

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average number of tracks for zero pylon 23
goes up by a factor of three or so to

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somewhere between 70 and 80 and a pileup
of 200. So, this is the, of course

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reflects the hard nature of the of the
hard interaction compared to the soft

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nature of the violent vertices. So, this
is going to be a qualitatively new

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instrument for CMS. I show here the
present state of development of these PT

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module. So, on the left hand side you have
a rather lovely photo of one of these

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modules you see that it comprises two
sensors are split down the middle, so the

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strips are five centimeters long. On each
side, our readout hybrids with eight front

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end chips or CB sees you have a zoom in on
one of these rather sophisticated hybrids

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on the top right hand side. On the bottom
left hand side is a cut view of this

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object that shows the flex circuit. There
are bands not shown in this diagram and

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realize on top and bottom that let you
bring signals from the top and bottom

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sensors to a single row of chips where
they can be combined into the stocks that

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I mentioned in the previous slide. And you
see that there's some compensator layers

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introduced here in yellow, which addressed
one of the thorny problems we had with the

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structure which was due to bullying and
deformation and during fabrication and

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also of course, Have an operated cold and
you see here now we're over a large span

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of temperature that the deviations are
within 10 microns from from flat. also

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shown here is the that the low voltage is
brought in at 10 volts and there is then

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DC DC converter, you see the coils
associated to that DC DC converter. And of

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course, this is another one of the
strategies that has been adopted for this

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aggressive material budget reduction. I'm
bringing in the low voltage, rather high

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voltage if you like and stepping down
locally so as to reduce currents and the

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required copper cross section. Moving on
now to a few slides for a new detector

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subsystem. So, the MIP timing detector,
which surrounds the tracker is the barrel

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layer and the end cap layers. On the top
right hand side is a table that reflects

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the impact of this in terms of physics
gains. So the song

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Either increases at signal yields that are
pointed out or else decreases in the

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background. On the bottom left hand side
is by now I think the well known plot for

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that was a key part of the physics case
for this device, introducing the so called

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4d reconstructed vertex where you
reconstruct the vertex and both the Z

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shown here as well as x and y, but also in
the additional dimension on the vertical

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axis of timing that lets you disentangle
vertices that otherwise overlap spatially.

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On the bottom right hand corner is an
example of how that can be used to

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mitigate the rate of the pilot jets in the
forward region that has an immediate

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impact on the quality who pbf tagging
which, for example, translates to this 30%

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improve statistical precision on the cross
section for VFX to data. You can do more

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exotic things such as looking for Long
live stable charged particles that's shown

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in this plot. And then you can do all
sorts of opportunistic things. It turns

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out that this is a very nice particle
detector Of course, it's the most precise

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time of flight detector ever realized. And
this is actually a simulation of the

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particle a the performance in the context
of heavy ion. So this can be used not only

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for beach physics and the standard proton
program, but also as a very exciting you

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handle for heavy iron colleagues and CMS.
Finally shown here is by combining the

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timing information for the upgraded, will
be used in the upgraded electronics of the

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eagle barrel. You can shown in green on
the left hand side plots are hypotheses

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for the vertex of the leading and
subleasing photons and where they

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intersect is where presumed primary
vertexes and you can see that you can

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associate these to a reduced number of
primary vertices and that results in a 20%

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improvement on the statistical precision
for the extra gamma gamma measurement. So

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a broad range of impacts over the full
range of physics of the CMS experiment in

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the high pilot environment as well as this
new feature of particle lighting. I

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mentioned previously that this thing is
organized in both the barrel and end cap

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the barrel uses a way so crystals with sip
and read up, whereas the end cap uses the

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new Elgato silicon sensor technology in
the barrel are shown. On the top

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photograph you see the arrangement so we
have bars of EL wire, so crystals arranged

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in a 16 by one array, where the bars are
read out at each end. On the right hand

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corner you see a plot to blue and red of
the responsive The readout that for each

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of the two ends and black, the combined
response to the better than 30 picosecond

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timing response, there's a photo here of
the array of weapons that's used for the

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readout and on the bottom the test being
set up from which these measurements were

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extracted. So, here we move now beyond the
basic detector unit towards the

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qualification of crystals from a number of
commercial vendors. And we are also well

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advanced in the design of the module and
for the we've gone through a thorough

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study in the prototyping on the
integration aspects and single signal

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routings from Crystal to set them to basic
various photographs here which illustrate

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the present state of play. In the end cap
as I mentioned, Bill Gates logon avalanche

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diode sensors are used Again here we have
moved to beyond the prototyping phase and

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we are now in the process of qualifying
vendors and developing the tools that will

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allow us to monitor the quality of these
devices during production. and here also

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looking beyond the sensor to the modules
that represent the hardware till

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about five minutes.

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You see the state of play for these
modules, a few slides on the CMS a Chico

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This is about 1000 square meters of
instrumented surface with over 600 square

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meters and 6 million channels with silicon
sensors and the 300 square meters of

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simulators. I read up with 240 organizers
240,000 scintillator files with individual

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separate read up there are some well
thanks for the adoption of a 10 sensors is

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600 and some square meters can be covered
with 30,000 silicon modules. On this slide

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I'll show you the upper left hand corner
schematic of the silicon module stack up,

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which is a silicon sensor sandwiched
between the base plate and the PCB. And

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Shown here are various photos of the
automated versus automated assembly steps

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of these modules. The bottom right hand
side, the finished product. A similar

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slide for the CIP Amman tile and module
development. So you see individual tiles

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and symptoms. You see them then grouped
together onto the tile module. And on the

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backside of that tire module is an
electronic sport that houses various

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support in the tronics as well as the
readout basics and the dc dc convertors.

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Both the silicon and The Superman tile use
substantially the same front end chip hc

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rock with a slightly modified front end.
One of the defining features of this chip

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is the architecture which allows us to
achieve an effective 16 bit dynamic range

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by combining an ADC over the range where
the front end amplifier remains linear,

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and the time of a threshold measure the
length of time during which preamplifier

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is actually in saturation. And the chip
features then a third ADC which provides

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the time of arrival signal with a
resolution of 25 picoseconds. The Sheikah

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will feature in Purcell high resolution
tiny measurement, which remember correctly

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I have a slide later on to illustrate is a
slide that looks at the architecture the

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electronics architecture so not only are
the rocks substantially common to The

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silicon and scintillator sections, but so
is the architecture signals from a number

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of rocks are collected through. So called
concentrated trips there is a concentrated

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trip the trigger path, separate
concentrated trip for the data path. The

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signals are bused from modules to the
concentrator trips over so called wagon

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motherboards. And then the two minutes,
two minutes and there are so called

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engines that provide the interface to the
LPG VTX shown here on the bottom left hand

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side is something that gives you an idea
of how tightly packed hold these are, in

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order to maintain the compactness of the
email section of the calorimeter where we

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allow for a gap of all this electronics of
about five millimeters. This is a similar

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diagram for so called mixed cassettes we
have silicon modules on the inside and

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central later on the outside. This is a
slider was alluding to previously, which

192
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shows the time in response to the photons,
it's worth 20 picoseconds. But it shows

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that you also get a border 20 picosecond.
The response approaching 20 picoseconds to

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neutral had rods and the bottom two plots
to show what happens when you turn the

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knob and reject the pilot within a single
bunch crossing with the timing code of 90

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picoseconds for a Higgs the gamma gamma
event in a pileup of 200 and the resulting

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cleanup this is just to say that the data
from this calorimeter generates a great

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deal of excitement and exercising novel
reconstruction techniques, in particular

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machine learning and various types of
graph networks.

200
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Coming out to the immune system.

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There are a number of new chambers that
have been added to the neon system g one

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one whose goal is to improve the trigger
performance at level one that says

203
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straighted in the plots on the right hand
side, or you have an improved efficiency

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with a reduction of order over an order of
magnitude and the trigger rate. This is

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actually the first of our phase two
upgrades. So the minus side view on one

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disk has been was installed before the end
of last year. On the bottom you see a

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photograph from that installation and on
the bottom right hand side you see a photo

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of the chambers for the second disc and
test track awaiting installation has coded

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well allow

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we're down to zero minutes Can you come to
wrap up

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slides now I'm about to wrap up. We also
will extend the neon coverage in order to

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prove acceptance with the zero chambers
and take advantage of the denser and more

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compacted Sheikha which allows for a slot
behind it. And also leveraging the fact

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that the tracker acceptance of course
extends now beyond data three and finally

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We will both add new rpcs and upgrade
electronics to make full use of the

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intrinsic timing capability of the rpcs.
And among other things that will improve

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our well that will provide a trigger for
heavy stable charged particles as shown

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here on the right. Just a word about the
extremely ambitious set of ethics that are

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required to support these upgrades.
That's, I think, a defining theme in our

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field the importance of these electronics
and the continued access to expertise and

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foundries. I think I'll skip the slide on
the overall schedule unless there are

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questions about it and I come to the
conclusions. So responding to the

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challenges of the nature illiteracy
environment. The CMS upgrade program

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introduces new paradigms in the form of PT
modules for level one trigger tracking

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ishika precision timing for pilot
mitigation. It breaks new ground and the

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type of technology for example, with a low
very large scale the deployment of eighth

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inch. So the consensus radiation heart
systems, elk, cats gems, as well as

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computing. Well this is underpinned that I
mentioned by a broad program of a six

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development, which are both for common
applications. In fact, not only within CMS

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but also for Atlas, as well as the tech
the specific designs. It's an ambitious

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program, we make good progress, but many
challenges still lie ahead. we're

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advancing through TDRS towards production.
There is an additional year now which is

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allowed by the November 17 certain
schedule and provides the both the

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opportunity to get more time as necessary
to mitigate technical risks, make sure

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that everything that goes ahead is
actually technically sound while also

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restoring a 12 month master for
contingency and that together Of course,

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with the commitment and support of CERN,
but in particular, also the collaborative

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funding agencies and Institute's provides
a healthy footing for the successful

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completion of this upgrade and physics
programs. That's it.

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Thank you very much, Marcelo. That was
really fascinating talk. And there's a

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moment now for questions, please raise
your hand using the feature. Yes. So v

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tech, please state your name and
institutes and go ahead.

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Returns because I'm at ski Sara cyclic on
page 19. Your egg God for the end cap

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timing detector on the surface would very
much like the Atlas ganz if only because

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you say it's going to be a joint order.
Now why is it that they will tolerate the

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radiation for the entire lifetime of the
HL hc while Atlas plans to replace the

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innermost parts of the foreword this at
least once if not prize during the

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attributed lifetime?

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Yes, I think so there's a great deal of
synergy in this in this development

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between the two collaborations. I think
that's been very positive on both sides. I

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believe the rapidity coverage of the Atlas
timing detector is different from that to

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the CMS detector. And I believe that
therefore, you integrate more fluids for a

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given luminosity.

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At any rate, you see here measurements
that show that the

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so there's a plot in the center plot on
the bottom rows, rather nice plot which

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shows that if you look at the timing
resolution in terms of of gain,

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that you see most points of fall on on a
given

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line, there is some hint of degradation of
that with with radiation. But main trend

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is that as long as you can Is that really
the timing of the solution as determined

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by the game, which is essentially the
amplitude of the signal that's generated.

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Now what happens is, if you look very
carefully at the symbols is that if you

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look at the little red crosses, so those
are in the red boxes, those are four 310

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to the 15 610 to the 15 neutrons per
square centimeter. And you see that at

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these high influences, you're no longer
able to achieve the highest gains, you see

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actually gain versus bias voltage. On the
left hand side what happens as we approach

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for answers of five or 610 to the 15,
which is what we expect over the lifetime

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of the device is the achievable gain
decreases, the resolution degrades. So we

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will start with 30 picoseconds, we will
end up with something like 60 and we will

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average about 40 45 Pico seconds over the
lifetime of the device.

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Okay, we have time for one quick question
from Andreas flicker.

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Please again identify yourself.

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Go ahead, Andreas.

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Okay, so yes. So I got my son Jessica from
son I, my child, this was a beautiful

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Talk. Thank you very much. Very quick
question. Actually two quick ones. I was

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Can you remind me the impact parameter
resolution you have 400 for the level one

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tracks, basically TGV tracks, the ones who
reconstruct, and then I had one more

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question, which is on page 14, where you
show the beautiful dy dx plot, so tight

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timing dependent plot, but you show it for
eta larger than 1.6 is the performance

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similar for central tracks. Thank you very
much.

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So yes, that's shown for the end cap.

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There's no reason why the performance will
be different for central tracks. Okay.

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Now coming to your

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actually, Can you remind me what your
first question was?

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This was the impact parameter is dilution.

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Yes, I don't remember that off the top of
my mind. But the impact parameter itself,

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the inner pixel layers don't form part of
level one trigger.

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If we go to two

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main effects that zero actually

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exactly so So, if you see the the inner
three blue layers

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there the sensors the PT modules are
comprised of one layer which is a strip

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sensor, and a second layer, which is
pixelated with the pixel lines if you like

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of the leaflets 1.3 millimeters finally.
And so, you have a lever arm of the

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between the first and the third such layer
which is longer than comparable to the

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distance from the first layer to the to
the vertex. And so from that you could

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conclude that you will have zero
resolution of order a couple of

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millimeters, but I don't remember the
exact number off the top of my head, but

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that's about the scale.

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Thank you.

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Okay, thank you very much, Marcelo. And if
people have questions, they can contact

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you offline. Now, we would like to go on
to the concluding talk today by Mark

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Tobin. So if we can stop sharing from
Marcelo and Mark when you're ready, if you

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can start sharing