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Which will be an overview of ALICE
status from Andrea Dainese.

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So whenever you're ready to share your
screen, go ahead and you can start

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whenever you like.

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Hello, good afternoon. I'm sharing my
screen.

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So I tried to open my camera but didn't
manage to so I flash here a picture of

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myself so that you know who I am.

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And could you please confirm that you can
see my screen? Yes.

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Okay. So good morning, everyone. It is my
pleasure to present the highlights and

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perspectives from ALICE. And of course,
we thank the organizers for the

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invitation. And I

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also thank the collaboration for preparing
so many

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nice results that I can show you today. So
we have in ALICE, more than 1000 signing

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authors	from over 39 countries and in terms of
papers we reached around 300 today with

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eight new papers and we have seven more in
the pipeline. So in total 15 papers for

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this conference and hard probes next week.
The table shows our harvest from run

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one and two. And of course, we are
grateful to the LHC team for always

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providing high success run. So I don't
have to introduce too much our detector to

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this audience I guess. We have a central
barrel with tracking hadron electron

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photon and jet reconstruction and the
forward muon spectrometer and this is how

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the central barrel looked like when we opened
the magnet doors at the beginning of

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LS two to start our major upgrade.
Now, I will start now by presenting our

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recent highlights, so I start from our core
business so to speak, lead lead collisions

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and the study of the deconfined phase of
QCD matter, the quark gluon plasma, which forms

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when the energy density is larger than
oh point five GeV per fermi cube. So in LHC

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in LHC lead lead collisions we reach well
eyond that over a large volume.

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So I will present the results following a
bit the time evolution of the

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collision. I start with a macroscopic
property, vorticity, that we started

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recently to study. So in case of non
central collisions, the system has a large

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angular momentum, and spin orbit
interactions may polarize the quarks and

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lead to a visible spin alignment for the
vector mesons. And if you see here, in

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red, we show an effect at low pT in non
centralKcollisions for the k star which is

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a spin one, and this is the deviation with
respect to the one third the value of this

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row 00 variable, which we find as a good
cross check in pp collisions, and for the K

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zero, which is spin one. Now, moving ahead,
one of the characterizing features of the

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QGP is of course color deconfinement and
there the prime tool to study are

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quarkonia, so, heavy quark bound states.
So, at the LHC, we are in a regime in

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which the melting due to color screening,
color dissociation which is pictured

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here

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on the left is in part compensated by
regeneration in case of charm because

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there is a high density of charm quarks in
the system. So, here I show our latest

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results for the nuclear modification
factor of the J/psi in central lead lead

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collisions. So, this is the lead lead yield
over the pp yield the scaled by the number

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of binary nuclear nuclear collisions. So,
at high pT you see we have a suppression

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of a factor five which is described by
models in terms of color screening or

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energy loss of the J/psi. And then when
we go to low pT, and this is something

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that has been seen only at the LHC and not
at lot lower energies, we see that the

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suppression is is lifted, there is an
increase. And this is the effect of

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regeneration that I mentioned, it is
described by models, and it is also

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supported by the fact that that when we go
to central rapidity, so from red to black,

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we see more of that, and this is
consistent with a higher density of

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C quarks at central rapidity. So moving on
parton interactions in the system are a

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powerful tool to understand its
properties. And also to understand how

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parton dynamics works in a high density
deconfined system. So there the main

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tools are jets. I start by showing the jet
quenching in terms of nuclear modification

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factor of the jet yield, So how much is
the jet yield

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reduced

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and this is again central lead lead
collisions divided by proton proton. So in

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the central plot I show our recently
published result for R equal Oh point

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two where we started from 40 GeV. And in
the right hand side plot, I show a new

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result where we explore machine learning
techniques to separate the larger

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underlying event energy fluctuations from
the jet components. And this allows us to

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go down to 40 GeV also for a larger
resolution parameter of 0.4 with a caveat

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that this may be somehow biased because we
train on Pythia. But overall, we see a

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reduction of a factor three to four of the
jet yield down to 40 GeV, so this suggests

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that the lost energy when we have medium
induced gluon radiation is not

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recovered in the jet cone. So, this
radiation occurs predominantly at larger

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angles. Now to study more the dynamics of
jet interactions in the medium, we

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have started a broad set of jet
substructure measurements. Here I will

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just show one example. So, we use the
grooming technique to go and look for the

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first hard splitting. And
essentially we measure the angular

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distribution between the two prongs. And
in the figure you see at large angles

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close to one we see a suppression in
central dijet with respect to pp collisions,

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which suggests that the jet core is more
collimated in lead lead collisions with

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respect to pp. Now, let me make a small
QCD interlude where I will show a couple

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of proton proton results. So, we use this
substructure

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technology so to speak,

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to carry out measure many measurements.
And in particular here I show how we

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dissect the soft charm jets using the
grooming technique again and we count

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the number of hard splittings in the jet
fragmentation with momentum radiation

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larger than 10% and here in the figure
so here we use jets tagged with the

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D mesons with pT larger than five GeV
and here we plot the number of these

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splittings and we see that for charm
jets this is shifted towards lower

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splittings by about one unit with respect
to inclusive jets. And this is

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connected to the harder fragmentation of
heavy with respect to light quarks and

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gluons. In pp collisions we have
also recently exposed for the first

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time the dead cone effect in in for heavy
quarks. So this effects is predicted to

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reduce gluon radiation at small angles from
heavy quarks and here we use iterative

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declustering and the Lund plane analysis to
compare the D0 jets and the inclusive

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jets as you see here in the smaller plots.
And when we translate this into a

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measurement as a function of radiation
angle, and we make a ratio of charm over

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inclusive, we see a suppression at small
angles which is what is predicted by by

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the jet cone mechanisms and it is actually
well described by Pythia for example. So the

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jet cone in the case of lead lead collisions
and medium induced gluon radiation has been

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predicted almost 20 years ago to lead
the to a reduction of energy loss from

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b works with respect to c quarks,
due to the larger mass, and now we have a

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measurement that is sensitive to that. We
measured the nuclear modification

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factor of non prompt D0 mesons in
blue compared to that of prompt 

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D0 mesons. So, they probe b and c
quarks respectively. And we see that for,

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for the case of b quarks there is less
suppression, which is well described by

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the models that implement radiative energy
loss

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with the dead cone effect.

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Now, moving ahead with the evolution of
the system, it is extremely interesting to

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study the expansion dynamics, which is
well described by hydrodynamic simulations and

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also allow us to extract characterizing
processes of the QGP. So, here it is

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useful to consider non central collisions,
in which there is an elongated

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geometry from the beginning. And then
during the expansion via pressure

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gradients, this maps into an azimuthal
modulation in momentum space that we

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analyzed with Fourier decomposition
and the second coefficient, the v2,

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is called elliptic flow, it quantifies
the dominant elliptic modulation. So, here

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you see our latest results on the left for
six different hadron species,

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we see at low momentum circled in yellow
an ordering the mass, and that if you look

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on the right we even see when we take light
nuclear with A equals two and A equals

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three that we measured recently. So, this
suggests that particles participate in the

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collective expansion. There is a common
flow velocity that imparts to hadrons

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an additional momentum, a momentum
shift, which is proportional to their

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mass. Now instead at intermediate
momenta here in green, we see a clear

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separation between baryons and 
mesons. And this suggests that in this

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momentum range, the flow is carried by
quarks and it is then propagated to

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hadrons via an hadronisation process,
at least in part by recombination similar

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to what I mentioned for the J/psi. So, now
these very high precise data are used 

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by theory groups with sophisticated
statistical techniques like Bayesian

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procedures to really extract the
properties of the system. And this, for

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example, uses the hydrodynamic simulation
that I showed at the beginning. So,

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here I focus on one of the really
characterising properties of the QGP, the

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shear viscosity versus temperature. And
you see it is now determined with the

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precision of 20% and it is found to be 10
times

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smaller than for any other form of matter.

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So, today we put out our final full run
two results for also flow measurements

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involving heavy works, both charm and beauty.
So, these are compiled in this in this

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figure, that you see, and we see that D
mesons, in orange, and J/psi, in red,

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exhibit a large flow.

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They are, they are ordered and both are
both

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both are lower than that of pions in in
black. So, this is consistent with a

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scenario which is implemented in model
calculations that describe the data in

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which both light and charm quarks
participate in the expansion of the system,

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they carry some some flow, and that by the
charm quarks to a smaller extent than

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light quarks. And then at least in this
momentum range they form these hadrons

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via recombination. So we also see that B
mesons are sensitive to the

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elongated shape of the system. These are
the purple points, while the very heavy

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Upsilon 1S doesn't show a
significant flow signal in blue. And this

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is consistent with its very large mass and
also with a small regeneration probability

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in case of beauty. Now, in the second part
of the highlights, I will show a selection

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of results that give you an idea of the
very comprehensive QCD program that we

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have beyond QGP studies. So this really
sparked with LHC surprises and

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new findings and especially with the high
luminosity pp and p lead samples of run two

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this this these measurements have been
developed very significantly. So, I

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start from small systems and it is
already well known since some time that we

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see in pp and p lead collisions at high
particle multiplicity effects that look

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like what we see in lead lead collisions.
So, here I show some updates. On the left,

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you see

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the strangeness over pion

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plot as a function of multiplicity which
we published for pp collisions in Nature

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Physics in 2017. Now, it contains four
different colliding systems including

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xenon xenon, and also different
center of mass energies and we see a

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smooth path across the systems. So it
seems to be driven by multiplicity and

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also independent of square root of s and
there is a steeper rise in within the small

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systems for increased strangeness
content and at high multiplicity in small

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systems values similar to those in
lead lead are reached. On the right, I show

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also a plot that we published last year
in which we compiled elliptic flow

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measurements in the four colliding systems
that we had. And also in this case, we see

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in high multiplicity pp and p lead collisions,
clear elliptic flow signal, so v2 larger

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than zero, and similar to lead lead at the same
multiplicity. So now, here I show a new

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result that we have just

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prepared for this conference,

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which is related to elliptic flow in pp
collisions, we have measured it over the

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maximum possible delta eta separation. So, we
use hadron pairs separated by six units in

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in eta, as you see in the sketch. And in
high multiplicity collisions we

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clearly see up to this high separation,

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the so called near side,

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near side ridge, which is a characteristic
of this flow modulation. And we see it up to

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this delta eta which supports the idea that this
is truly collective correlations between

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between hadrones and when we represent
the v2 parameter for different colliding

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systems as you see here, on the right at
similar multiplicity, we find that that it

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has a similar magnitude. Now, in pp
collisions, it is also interesting to look

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for low mass dielectron production and
this we have done using our samples

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that we collected with lower magnetic field
in the central barrel to have higher

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acceptance at very low momentum. And we
see a hint of an excess here over the

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hadron cocktail at low mass and low pT.
And this is quite interesting because it

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is reminiscent of an effect an excess that
was seen for real and virtual photons in

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the 80s. And also interestingly this
cannot be described by calculations either

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using hadronic bremsstrahlung or even radiation
from a mini QGP. So this

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clearly deserves some more investigation.

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Andrea, just slightly less than three
minutes. Thank you.

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So, in proton proton we have also several
measurements concerning hadronization of

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charm. Here I show baryon over meson
ratios. So, on the left the lambda c was

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already shown to be increased with
respect to e+ e- expectations and

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now we see that this increase depends on
multiplicity in pp. And we also measure

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the sigma c and xi c which also exhibit
large increases. And for example, the

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sigma c is not described by any tune of
Pythia even with the color reconnection. Now,

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the LHC is not only a nucleus collider but
also an anti nuclear nuclear factory. We

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measured them by using our TPC and time of
flight. The production mechanism is not

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yet

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fully understood.

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It can be described in terms of nucleon
coalescence or statistical

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hadronisatino. But today I want to focus on
an aspect that is

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a strong implication on the dark matter
searches

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in space, for example, from a neutralino
annihilation to anti deuteron anti helium

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three. Now these searches are affected by
large uncertainties due to the limited

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knowledge of the ordinary hadron production
by cosmic, so anti nuclei, and also their

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absorption in space. And so today we
provide new measurements that give

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insights in both directions. On the left, you
see our deuteron over proton ratio as a

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function of multiplicity and we just
published the data in yellow, pp at 13 TeV.

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So, this clearly constraints the
production models. And on the right, we

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measured for the first time at low
momentum, the anti deuteron absorption

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cross section in the ALICE material.
And this is very interesting because at

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low momentum this is larger than the state
of the art modelling. So the last result

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that I want to highlight is a study of
QCD interactionos among hadrons using

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essentially proton hyperon pairs, and their
momentum correlation is sensitive to the

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strong interaction

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potential. This is a field that, an

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interaction potential that is not well
measured and high statistics data from the LHC

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are really a breakthrough. So, here we
present the proton xi minus and proton

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omega minus correlation, which now
precisely show an attractive strong

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interaction in addition to the Coulomb
interaction. So, in the last couple of

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minutes, I will show the perspectives,
we are preparing for run three and run four.

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Our major upgrade is taking shape, it will
be discussed in detail later by

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Piotr. So, overall, we aim at improving
the tracking resolution at low pT and

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increasing by a factor of 50 the readout
capabilities. So the impact of the

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COVID-19 at present is quantified into a
delay of 4.5 months, which means that we

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will be ready for begin commissioning at
the end of August of next year. So here I

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just flash a couple of major highlights.
The TPC is already instrumented with

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GEM chambers, and, while the old ITS is
serving in the ALICE exhibition, the new

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one together with the muon forward tracker
fully made of pixels are ready for

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installation. So we are also proposing
upgrades for LS three. On the left, a

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forward electromagnetic calorimeter
with high granularity readout to

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measure photons in p lead, down to 10 to
the minus five in x which are sensitive

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to the gluon density in a region where it
is essentially unconstrained and where

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gluon saturation may set in, and at central
rapidity, we are considering and proposing

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to replace the inner barrel of the ITS
with three truly cylindrical maps layers

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with much better performance. And you see
we are already testing the curved

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sensors. Now pushing farther this idea of
ultra thin filling silicon detectors we

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are preparing a proposal for a silicon
only, so to speak, heavy ion experiment for

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beyond run four, which would be fast,
ultra thin and provide essentially

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ultimate performance for several probes
like multi heavy flavor, thermal radiation, and

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soft, very soft hadron production. And
those who could exploit the higher LHC

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luminosity that the LHC could be
provided with nuclei lighter than lead.

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So to conclude we have a large number
of results based on full run two samples.

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Not only they provide insight on the QGP
workings and properties but also on a much

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broader QCD research program. Our major
upgrade is on track to be ready for pp

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collisions at the end of August next year.
And we are getting up for LS three

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upgrades and planning for run five and
beyond. So in thanking you I inviting you

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to enjoy the 29 talks and posters with
ALICE presenters that we have at the

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conference. Thank you.

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Okay, thank you, Andrea.

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This nice summary. And we have a question.

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Marek. Hold on.

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I can allow. Okay, Marek should be able
to unmute.

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Ah, so two questions. One is, is there any
data about pT, transverse momentum

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dependence, of the anti deuteron
production? This is very relevant for some

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issues regarding exotic hadrons where the
deuteron is a well understood system.

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Yes, yes, we have also measurement of
transverse momentum spectra of deuteron, and

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anti deuteron and even more light nuclei.
So, I don't have backup figures here, but

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you can find them in our papers, for
example the one that I linked here.

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Okay, thank you. And the second question
is, you mentioned measuring interactions

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between,

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interactions between hadrons

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by measuring correlations.

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Can you look at correlations between
protons and sigma c baryons?

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Well not with the statistics that we have
from run two, we we have been able to

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measure sigma c production but likely
there is not enough statistics to study

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correlations, but definitely this is
something that we could consider

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for run three.

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It's highly relevant for understanding the
nature of the hidden charm pentaquark

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that was discovered by LHCb.

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Okay, thank you. Thank you. Thank you for
the suggestion. We will, we will look into

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it.

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Thank you. Okay.

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So I think if there are no other
questions, we can thank Andrea again. Thank

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you. Thank you