1
00:00:00,930 --> 00:00:01,440
Yeah,

2
00:00:01,440 --> 00:00:02,250
we can hear you.

3
00:00:03,959 --> 00:00:08,609
Okay, so, um, yeah, so you're a member of
the CMS collaboration. And I'm going to be

4
00:00:08,609 --> 00:00:15,389
talking on behalf of both Atlas and CMS,
on the production of quarks in association

5
00:00:15,389 --> 00:00:23,579
with a couple of big quarks, WC, and
gamma. Which of course, is these processes

6
00:00:23,579 --> 00:00:27,749
are very important for searches for new
physics. But as well as important

7
00:00:27,749 --> 00:00:32,819
background for TT h analysis, which is the
main topic of this session, so I'm going

8
00:00:32,819 --> 00:00:40,409
to start with the dT by W process. Both
collaborations Luca is one fraction of the

9
00:00:40,409 --> 00:00:46,949
data that is 60 Miss titlebar. They focus
in single left on triggers, and signal

10
00:00:46,949 --> 00:00:53,099
regions are, are constructed based on the
final estates, depending on how many

11
00:00:53,099 --> 00:00:58,379
electrodes we have in the final step. So
we focus in the electronic decay of the W

12
00:00:58,769 --> 00:01:03,869
and depending on Common leptons, we have
originated from the TPR system, we have

13
00:01:03,869 --> 00:01:11,339
two channels, the same sign, they left on
channel and they they try left on Channel

14
00:01:12,569 --> 00:01:18,749
Four these generally generally subdivided
in different signal regions as a function

15
00:01:18,749 --> 00:01:24,389
of the sine flavor of the left turn,
number of jets and number of digits. So

16
00:01:24,389 --> 00:01:30,539
I'm going to start with the ATLAS
experiment, which construct two MBAs. The

17
00:01:30,539 --> 00:01:37,739
fers MBA is constructed to distinguish
from leptons from fake leptons, fake

18
00:01:37,739 --> 00:01:41,819
lectures, of course originating from
hadron the case gamma conversions or

19
00:01:41,819 --> 00:01:48,509
misidentified jets. The second MBA is
designed to suppress misidentified

20
00:01:48,539 --> 00:01:54,539
electron electric charge is only focused
on the electron because the Misa the

21
00:01:54,569 --> 00:01:59,819
charge misidentification for meals, it's
very, very small, negligible and then

22
00:01:59,819 --> 00:02:05,489
counting regions are constructed to
characterize the background. So, the first

23
00:02:05,489 --> 00:02:11,969
control region is the one called charge
flip, in which the electric charge is

24
00:02:11,969 --> 00:02:18,689
removed. And, and then these number of
events is calibrated from data. So you can

25
00:02:18,689 --> 00:02:24,989
see on the right side top plot, you have
the environment of the electron system.

26
00:02:25,469 --> 00:02:30,119
And you can see that is dominated by
events originating from charge flips

27
00:02:30,209 --> 00:02:37,289
events. So, you've seen that those events
can be calibrated from data. Then the next

28
00:02:37,289 --> 00:02:43,259
control region is about fake leptons. And
these analysis use use the matrix methods

29
00:02:43,259 --> 00:02:50,939
are also called tight to loose technique
where we look at a sample with a loose

30
00:02:50,939 --> 00:02:56,999
selection of the electron. And you can see
on the right side those events from

31
00:02:57,029 --> 00:03:01,469
control region is the meeting at the
Kansas City nificant event originating

32
00:03:01,469 --> 00:03:09,239
from events originated from fake letters,
okay and additional samples or terminal

33
00:03:09,239 --> 00:03:15,149
samples are produced by different
combinations of inverting electron charge,

34
00:03:15,449 --> 00:03:26,879
flavor a number of jets to estimate by
one. So, in the case of CMS, the analysis

35
00:03:26,879 --> 00:03:33,389
is very similar to address user BDD but in
this case constructed with many variables

36
00:03:35,249 --> 00:03:40,949
excuse me number of jets number of digits
HD missing at empty and the angular

37
00:03:40,949 --> 00:03:46,259
separation between the left turn and jet
electives are also estimated using the

38
00:03:46,259 --> 00:03:52,949
tight to lose metal but with a small
difference. The momentum of the left arm

39
00:03:52,949 --> 00:03:57,719
is corrected and parameterize a function
of PD and data that helps to reduce

40
00:03:57,719 --> 00:04:03,869
uncertainties and calibrate in control of
these of these events.

41
00:04:05,549 --> 00:04:11,519
Also, data driven nettles are used to
estimate the needs identified the electric

42
00:04:11,519 --> 00:04:16,709
charge and the WC events the race is
taking from from simulation. So you can

43
00:04:16,709 --> 00:04:22,649
see on the right side distributions for
the same side the left on channel. On top

44
00:04:22,649 --> 00:04:29,849
we have the genuine publicity, which you
can see the significant violence is coming

45
00:04:29,849 --> 00:04:37,799
from originating from fake leptons. The
next one is the charge Miss ID. And the

46
00:04:37,799 --> 00:04:42,869
next one is the WC events. So on the
bottom block, you have the output of the

47
00:04:42,869 --> 00:04:49,409
discriminator, the BDT and you can see
that in the upper half of the

48
00:04:49,409 --> 00:04:55,109
discriminator is dominated by seeing well
it has a large number of single events at

49
00:04:55,109 --> 00:05:02,009
W and in the other half of the
discriminator is dominated by migrants. So

50
00:05:02,579 --> 00:05:06,569
these events are divided health goes into
the control region and the other health

51
00:05:06,569 --> 00:05:14,459
into the single greater. The next slide,
we can see going back to Atlas, the

52
00:05:14,459 --> 00:05:21,869
distributions for the different flavors we
have on top the electron. Then in the

53
00:05:21,869 --> 00:05:27,059
middle we have a new and on the right side
we have Damion, you can see that when the

54
00:05:27,059 --> 00:05:32,309
electron is present, the charge flips
starts those events and starts to appear.

55
00:05:32,759 --> 00:05:37,259
And as I mentioned before, those are
calibrated for our control region that you

56
00:05:37,259 --> 00:05:45,419
can see on the bottom plot left side. And
in blue, or dark blue, you can see the

57
00:05:45,419 --> 00:05:51,809
fake leptons and also those events are
calibrated from data. And you can see one

58
00:05:51,809 --> 00:05:56,159
of those examples of that distribution
from the control region on the right side.

59
00:05:57,600 --> 00:05:59,820
So once that is done, then

60
00:06:01,140 --> 00:06:06,960
You can put together along with the other
channel that I left on, where church leaps

61
00:06:06,990 --> 00:06:12,030
are no significant, but electrons are
still present, then you put all those

62
00:06:12,030 --> 00:06:16,230
samples together into a feed along with a
control regions and that is represented on

63
00:06:16,230 --> 00:06:21,750
the bottom plot and you perform a feed and
you can extract the TT w cross section,

64
00:06:22,140 --> 00:06:30,270
which Atos reports with a position of 22%.
Next slide. So, in the case of CMS, we

65
00:06:30,270 --> 00:06:38,520
look at the BDT distribution. And that is
is being divided in in two regions, the

66
00:06:38,520 --> 00:06:43,560
high discriminator value and the low
discriminator value and all of that so,

67
00:06:43,560 --> 00:06:48,570
divided as a function of J a number of J's
the number of digits and in addition you

68
00:06:48,570 --> 00:06:52,620
can separate it as a function of the sine
of the electrons so, you have negative

69
00:06:52,860 --> 00:06:58,530
sign and positive charge and you perform
my livelihood feed and you can instruct

70
00:06:58,530 --> 00:07:03,300
the information including the system
uncertainties which the leading systematic

71
00:07:03,300 --> 00:07:10,920
uncertainties are originating from the
estimation of the fake leptons and also

72
00:07:10,920 --> 00:07:17,100
from the modeling of the of the
background, especially volume originated

73
00:07:17,100 --> 00:07:25,590
from the case of dx or dy dx. And that is
also another significant contribution

74
00:07:25,590 --> 00:07:33,510
coming from statistics in the control
victims. So, CMS also reports with a

75
00:07:33,510 --> 00:07:42,870
similar position that Atlas cross section
40 tw with a precision of 22%. Next slide.

76
00:07:42,900 --> 00:07:49,680
Now I'm moving the DTC channel. Similarly,
signal regions are constructed depending

77
00:07:49,680 --> 00:07:55,290
of the number of leptons in the final
estate. So in the case that it goes to all

78
00:07:55,290 --> 00:08:01,440
jets, we have the channel opposite signs I
left on the next journal will be when the

79
00:08:01,440 --> 00:08:06,570
TTY or ceasing goes to one single laptop
final estate does it try left on and then

80
00:08:06,570 --> 00:08:11,700
the next one is the tetra electron
channel. Again all these channels are

81
00:08:11,700 --> 00:08:16,170
subdivided with different signal regions
to improve the discrimination and have a

82
00:08:16,170 --> 00:08:22,260
better sensitivity on the signal events.
These analyses in TDC focus only on the

83
00:08:22,260 --> 00:08:26,190
two channels trial it turns on tetra
leptons, because those channels have

84
00:08:26,190 --> 00:08:31,620
higher purity compared with electron. Now
the main backgrounds in the case of trial

85
00:08:31,620 --> 00:08:36,690
atom is WC in the case of the tetra
electron is cc events. Those can be

86
00:08:36,690 --> 00:08:43,170
calibrated from control regions looking at
sidebands for example, looking at evidence

87
00:08:43,170 --> 00:08:49,710
without the Jets failing lectins are
estimated something very similar to what

88
00:08:49,710 --> 00:08:57,390
was done for btw and the rest of the
process are taking from the simulation. On

89
00:08:57,390 --> 00:09:03,510
the right side, you can see the video
discriminator from Atlas on blue is a

90
00:09:03,510 --> 00:09:08,550
signal to DC in the high tail and the
dominant bargains are coming from TP VI

91
00:09:08,610 --> 00:09:14,640
and C plus heavy flavor t devices emitted
from a control region and the other

92
00:09:14,640 --> 00:09:21,660
vitamins are taken from promote the girl.
In the case of CMS, there is a recent

93
00:09:21,690 --> 00:09:29,250
update that includes more data includes
also more inclusive leptin triggers and a

94
00:09:29,250 --> 00:09:36,060
modification of the leptin selection using
a dedicated MBA, which has a 15% increase

95
00:09:36,060 --> 00:09:42,300
in the efficiency to select leptons on the
fake rate is reduced by a factor of two to

96
00:09:42,300 --> 00:09:49,500
four compared with a bigger selection.
Next slide. So here we have distributions

97
00:09:49,500 --> 00:09:54,450
from Atlas for the tetra electron channel
and the tri Lipton channel on the bottom.

98
00:09:55,980 --> 00:10:02,640
The left on we reconstruct the zz events
And we can calibrate that from data. And

99
00:10:02,640 --> 00:10:09,480
similarly in the toilet on we can
reconstruct the W z events in sideband

100
00:10:09,900 --> 00:10:17,310
when the electron pair is chosen to be
with opposite signs same flavor and know

101
00:10:17,310 --> 00:10:23,250
the tagging requirement, and that those
events can be extracted from data and then

102
00:10:23,250 --> 00:10:30,690
calibrated into the scenery. So, then,
everything is put together into a feed

103
00:10:30,960 --> 00:10:38,520
here I am bringing back again the TT w
because DDC entity Wi Fi together. So,

104
00:10:38,520 --> 00:10:45,360
here are the results from Atlas, where you
can see the list of systematic

105
00:10:45,360 --> 00:10:51,120
uncertainties in the case of DPC, the
largest uncertainties are originating from

106
00:10:51,330 --> 00:10:56,190
modeling of the background, Monte Carlo
and also modeling of the signal you can

107
00:10:56,190 --> 00:10:56,430
see

108
00:10:57,930 --> 00:11:02,670
and you can see The correlation between
the two cross sections if you don't,

109
00:11:02,670 --> 00:11:09,930
you'll end up seeing the bottom plot. And
the precision measure by address for DDC

110
00:11:09,930 --> 00:11:17,790
processes have about 13%. In the next
slide is the results on CMS, which is the

111
00:11:17,790 --> 00:11:26,940
latest result, where more data has been
included is a sample of 70 77.5 investment

112
00:11:26,940 --> 00:11:32,160
or in the top plot, you can see the
control regions for WC zc and fake

113
00:11:32,160 --> 00:11:38,820
leptons. And in the bottom plot, you can
see the summary of the different signal

114
00:11:38,820 --> 00:11:44,310
regions, which are divided as a function
of gene multiplicity, number of beat jets

115
00:11:44,430 --> 00:11:48,840
and number of leptons. So the first three
blocks is for try left on and the last

116
00:11:48,840 --> 00:11:54,630
block is for the tetra leptin. Remember
three try lifting is dominated by fake

117
00:11:54,630 --> 00:11:59,370
leptons and WC events. And in the case of
the tetra lepton we have a significant

118
00:11:59,370 --> 00:12:06,750
contribution from Cz events. So God these
feet along with nuisance parameters for

119
00:12:06,750 --> 00:12:10,980
the systematic uncertainties which is
listed in the next slide. And the largest

120
00:12:10,980 --> 00:12:17,790
uncertainties are originating from the
estimation of the lepton id above the 4%

121
00:12:18,270 --> 00:12:28,470
and modeling of the WC and rare bygones T
or TTY plus x. So the precision of these

122
00:12:28,470 --> 00:12:34,200
measurement by CMS or DTC is about a
percent. That can be compared with a

123
00:12:34,770 --> 00:12:41,490
theoretical prediction that is about the
same sensitivity of 9%. The next slide is

124
00:12:41,490 --> 00:12:49,350
a nice summary of these results from Atlas
and CMS. For TP W and TTC. So Atlas is in

125
00:12:49,350 --> 00:12:58,950
blue. CMS is in red. The fers ones are 40
tw and the last resource on the on the

126
00:12:58,950 --> 00:13:05,640
plot is for dz so you can see that the
only analysis that has higher precision is

127
00:13:05,640 --> 00:13:10,770
the one that is more data of course, which
is TTC from CMS, which is 78. It was

128
00:13:10,770 --> 00:13:11,670
petabytes of data.

129
00:13:12,960 --> 00:13:15,480
Everything is consistent with the analog
predictions.

130
00:13:16,859 --> 00:13:23,789
So I'm consistent between the two
experiment. Next slide. So now, since we

131
00:13:23,789 --> 00:13:29,369
have more events, a more precise analysis
in TDC. So CMS went ahead and

132
00:13:29,879 --> 00:13:34,619
additionally, measure the differential
cross sections. And that is being done

133
00:13:34,619 --> 00:13:42,089
with respect to electronic observables.
Sorry, okay.

134
00:13:43,770 --> 00:13:45,660
I saw that somebody was sending me a chat.

135
00:13:47,250 --> 00:13:48,390
But two minutes.

136
00:13:49,200 --> 00:13:56,400
Wow. Okay. Well, I'm going to speed up
then. So these is the results of the

137
00:13:56,400 --> 00:14:02,520
differential correction compared with
analog prediction. Using those events, we

138
00:14:02,520 --> 00:14:06,060
can go and search for the physics beyond
the standard model using two approaches

139
00:14:06,060 --> 00:14:10,920
the anomalous couplings and the EFT
interpretation. So, in the next slide show

140
00:14:10,920 --> 00:14:16,230
the results for the anomalous coupling,
those factors are the actual vector on the

141
00:14:16,230 --> 00:14:20,220
left side and the dipole moment on the
sorry in the in the right side of that

142
00:14:20,280 --> 00:14:24,660
moment and the actual vector in the left
side. What is shown here is the log

143
00:14:24,660 --> 00:14:29,760
likelihood ratio with respect to the base
feed value, which is the diamond in blue

144
00:14:29,880 --> 00:14:34,800
and that be compared with the Standard
Model prediction the Red Cross which is

145
00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:40,710
only about two sigma off from the standard
model. In the next slide is a similar

146
00:14:40,710 --> 00:14:45,780
analysis but using the EFT interpretation
where we expand the Lagrangian as a

147
00:14:45,780 --> 00:14:50,100
function of the withdrawal coefficients.
And we have four wisdom coefficients that

148
00:14:50,160 --> 00:14:56,700
are relevant for the TTC and on the right
side you see the summary of the estimation

149
00:14:56,730 --> 00:15:02,850
of the limits for the for this parameter
heaters. Everything is consistent within

150
00:15:03,210 --> 00:15:09,810
the standard model and between the two
experiments. So I'm going to move to TD

151
00:15:09,810 --> 00:15:16,110
photon very quickly. These analysis is
tricky in the sense that we need to

152
00:15:16,110 --> 00:15:22,980
differentiate very careful, real photons
from fake photons. photons originated from

153
00:15:23,190 --> 00:15:28,500
jets misidentified or electrons
misidentified as a photons. The cross

154
00:15:28,500 --> 00:15:34,890
section is presented measure measured with
respect to a fiducial phase space. CMS has

155
00:15:34,890 --> 00:15:41,550
put yourselves with a TV 22 bytes of data,
an atlas with 30 dV in two channels single

156
00:15:41,550 --> 00:15:49,530
leptons and emu channel 140 investment
over the next slide is a summary of CMS

157
00:15:49,530 --> 00:15:55,260
results where it performs a likelihood
feat and in addition to extracting the

158
00:15:55,260 --> 00:16:01,050
cross section extract the cross section
ratio of TT gamma over dt By which are

159
00:16:01,050 --> 00:16:06,360
reducing systematic uncertainties. And
these analysis is being updated for 30.

160
00:16:06,360 --> 00:16:14,100
tv, then next analysis is from an address
where we have also differential cross

161
00:16:14,100 --> 00:16:20,250
sections of PT gamma as a function of the
kinematics of the photon. The most precise

162
00:16:20,250 --> 00:16:26,880
results is from the election channel which
uses 140 investment to buy data and and

163
00:16:26,880 --> 00:16:34,680
he's been showing the slide, next slide.
So, moving very quickly to the TT levy is

164
00:16:34,680 --> 00:16:38,880
being done by Atlas and CMS in the
electron channels one one lepto moto

165
00:16:38,880 --> 00:16:43,800
leptons with high Gen multiplicity. The
key here is looking at the betaine

166
00:16:43,800 --> 00:16:51,450
discriminators. And so Atlas is looking at
all the bands. CMS is focused in the

167
00:16:51,750 --> 00:16:57,990
additional digits to the TT bar system and
then livelihood feeds are constructed and

168
00:16:57,990 --> 00:17:03,420
feed the living system uncertainties are
of course be tagging generally the scale

169
00:17:03,780 --> 00:17:11,340
is our FSR and distribution of those
discriminators are showing the slide. Next

170
00:17:11,340 --> 00:17:18,240
slide. There is an additional analysis
from CMS on TT BB, which uses all jets,

171
00:17:18,660 --> 00:17:24,270
which is interesting is no so sensitive as
the other ones but is a nice exercise

172
00:17:24,270 --> 00:17:32,370
where they did construct a good job
constructing MBAs to reject QC D control

173
00:17:32,370 --> 00:17:38,520
regions to estimate the background. And
the dominant uncertainties are from beet

174
00:17:38,520 --> 00:17:44,400
tagging, the quiet gloom livelihood
minimization factorization is scales and

175
00:17:44,400 --> 00:17:49,200
the results are showing this light
compared with the predictions. These

176
00:17:49,230 --> 00:17:55,050
results are presenting in different phases
spaces. So the definition of the phase of

177
00:17:55,050 --> 00:18:01,620
space are in the bottom plot and the
summary is In the next slide, where you

178
00:18:01,620 --> 00:18:06,330
can see in the left side the summary of
the results for TPP for CMS and in the

179
00:18:06,330 --> 00:18:14,340
bottom for Atlas. CMS includes leptons
budgets, the electrons and the oil jets

180
00:18:15,210 --> 00:18:20,400
sample and you can see, compare it with
the Standard Model prediction that they're

181
00:18:20,400 --> 00:18:25,890
all consistent. Similarly, for Atlas
Atlas, in addition also present

182
00:18:25,890 --> 00:18:32,280
differential cross sections of GTP be
cross section as a function of kinematics

183
00:18:32,280 --> 00:18:38,010
of the other digits. And that brings me to
the end, sorry that they have to write in

184
00:18:38,010 --> 00:18:41,610
the last few minutes. I got confused with
the time

185
00:18:42,960 --> 00:18:44,430
of the duration of the talk.

186
00:18:45,809 --> 00:18:52,919
Thank you very much. Thanks to you. Any
questions for Francesco? You can raise

187
00:18:52,919 --> 00:18:53,519
your hands

188
00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:04,380
Yeah, Francesco.

189
00:19:07,020 --> 00:19:14,370
Hello, Francesco Esperanto again from our
plus. I'd like to make a comment on slide

190
00:19:14,370 --> 00:19:30,540
12. Yes, yes. So I think this, this is the
CMS blog. Right. And it's correct. Yes. So

191
00:19:30,540 --> 00:19:34,740
it's a CMS blog that illustrates
historically what has happened recently.

192
00:19:36,600 --> 00:19:46,110
So it's interesting, surely. One aspect
that it's also useful to point out is that

193
00:19:46,140 --> 00:19:51,420
in addition to being pushed, it's your
choice to illustrate whatever you want,

194
00:19:51,450 --> 00:19:55,500
and it's very pleasant to see in it and he
tried to put things together and also

195
00:19:55,500 --> 00:20:02,460
including the artists contributions, but
the course we observe as an incident

196
00:20:02,460 --> 00:20:07,740
storyboard plot. The points are not
independent, right? They are correlated,

197
00:20:08,880 --> 00:20:15,000
right? Even that with increasing
luminosity. The relevant plots are the one

198
00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:19,320
which have the light in the highest
luminosity that I have had independent

199
00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:28,080
results. So, there's basically two TTC
results when Atlas one CMS and TT w

200
00:20:28,080 --> 00:20:34,320
result, one Atlas and one CMS. So
effectively, just to make sure that we all

201
00:20:34,320 --> 00:20:41,370
pay attention to the labels, not thinking
that we have many measurements that are

202
00:20:41,370 --> 00:20:45,720
independent, but effectively that they
evolve in time. Right?

203
00:20:46,260 --> 00:20:47,640
Correct. Yes,

204
00:20:48,990 --> 00:20:54,510
definitely is just as crystal, as you say,
is a historical review of what was done in

205
00:20:54,510 --> 00:20:59,940
the two experiments. But it should be
explained in case that people miss

206
00:21:00,750 --> 00:21:03,690
misunderstand and take these values in a
different way.

207
00:21:07,740 --> 00:21:12,240
Okay, is there any other question? I
don't, I don't see any hands.

208
00:21:17,190 --> 00:21:22,470
Okay, thank you very much Francesco and we
can move on to the second. The second talk

209
00:21:22,470 --> 00:21:27,000
of the session on Tth measurements in
Atlas