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time. So we'll have four talks, which are
all 15 plus three, and then we'll have

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approximately 20 minutes of discussion. So
our first presentation will be on the

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latest experimental results related to
initial state physics and that will be

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given by a medium. So could you try
sharing your site's again?

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Okay, so let's see. Is it fine now?

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Yes, that's perfect. So I'll take the time
and please go ahead when you're ready.

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Okay, thank you. So it's my pleasure to
speak a second page here and to present to

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tell you about latest experimental results
related to the to the initial state.

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So first, have a quick introduction also
since

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the first one decision, but so I'll be
covering a couple of topics here. So okay,

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what we want to do is to characterize the
initial state VPN collisions. One thing is

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called spatial distributions. So, the
geometry of the region in particular to

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better test and constrain the global model
in particular. So, this is what is

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represented and on the right and then of
course, another important thing is to

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study the momentum distributions and
particular the nuclear button distribution

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functions. So, what is shown on the right
is a platform the PVS 16 paper, so, this

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is the ratio of the BDF of Iran in the
land close to that of Finnegan and he had

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the the best feet and the uncertainties
for ek 16 and NCD 15 are shown and also we

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can see, maybe I can also introduce the
different regions that we that we Discuss

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here. So, at Lu x we have the shadowing
region where we there is a separation

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compared to physicians then under
shadowing at intermediate x here and then

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at large x we go into the AMC effect and
similarly for for quarks and indictments

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and yeah just a disclaimer so of course 15
minutes is very short to cover everything.

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So, I'm just going to cover kind of best
known selection of recent results by just

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address and CMS but also covering a bit of
Allison Okay, let me start with the

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collision geometry and starting with W and
z bosons okay. So as we know they are not

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expected to be affected or very little by
this only interacting GGP and we can use

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them to test the initial state geometry.
So the global model so here two plus the

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four to six To vCenter class results, the
one on the left is for W bosons plus or

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minus minus and blue and plus in white and
then the right plot is for z bosons, we

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see that we have indeed what a flat
behavior with centrality not perfectly,

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but I will mention this in the next slide.
And what is also interesting to see here

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is that the experimental uncertainties are
these for instance, if we can get the W

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was on the left this vertical line on the
white rectangle and this is smaller than

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the normalization uncertainty meaning that
and this is also the case for for the

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buttons on the right. Only for very for
events for simple events, the global is

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more precise than the data and that means
that we can start you know thinking about

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using w z bosons, as a As actually the
reference for the other half whoops. So,

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instead of having the usual ta for for a,
we could start thinking about normalizing

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to WSU versions. And then a look more
closely at the twins as a function of

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centrality. So, Atlas sees this nun
perfectly flat trend as it may be

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something rising when you go to bury for
events. So who once again are in blue and

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reds and zebras and some green and they
they seem to be slightly rising towards

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pay for events Why? The model they plot is
just htpc where you try to account for

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correlations between the centrality as
estimated for what it does and what

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happens in the world. We measure we use
buttons. And we would expect this kind of

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correlations to have the opposite trend.
So that is interesting. And I just want to

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mention also that next week for the Hopper
conference, we have new results from from

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CMS that unfortunately, infection at eye
control your account to get today. And

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also still we have some new results from
Alice which are shown here on the right.

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It's a bit less precise, but it's a
different facility coverage and here also

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we see that Okay, there within the
uncertainties. There is no very clear

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trends, the most beautiful beanies not the
IPF, you're still Welcome to this later

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but the data seem to agree better than
with the calculations which include PDFs.

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Okay, so moving to nuclear PDFs. So we're
putting the body back on the content of

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the initial state. Of course, this is very
important because as soon as we do any

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constriction or a plant you know, we we
need to know when the initial states and

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the nature of the internet we will have
some correlation between the mutual

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kinematics and the x lead. So I have some
examples here. The blood on the left is

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from the paper from from CMS, the y axis
is the X in the LEDs and the x axis 88 of

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the pseudo PDT of the moon, the UPS NDK
and we see a very clear correlation here.

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And the same here in the center for
digests, also studying portal equations

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where we see that we have this collision
between the stability of the de jet and

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the x, the ratio of the X in the lead to
that of the proton. And then also on the

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right we see that by scanning different
jet BTS girls Different correlation

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between x in the lead on the agent and
then also in lead we can add some further

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information as we see. I'll start with w
presence in potential collisions. So, this

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is a recent paper from CMS. Interesting
interestingly we see that yeah, this is

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what the precise data on the experimental
uncertainties are much besides and the

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uncertainty events from the from the
nuclear PDFs and what is shown here on

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this plot is not the usual 90% confidence
level then from between we scaled it to

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68%. And still the data is greater and
more precise. And we see also quite

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clearly from from this that the data will
not consistent with the prediction from a

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three button PDF, which is ct 14 here in
red. There is a better agreement with SPS

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16 in green, then with entity 15 in orange
weather, we'll get conceptions of the left

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at the far back about a ratio in the
center or the challenge between the right

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so, better argument with EPSDT than etech
15. But better get the data if we look at

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the if we do a chi square accounting
formulations, the data is not completely

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inconsistent with NC taxation. And the
main difference here we see two in

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particular on this book is the the amount
of shadowing between these these models. I

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mean one of the differences of course, in
these companies, we also have some some

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new results from from CMS which is study
of brilliant production. So, mu plus b

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minus production in important equations,
not only z bosons but also the virtual

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photon continuum from 15 to 600, gv and
this is complimentary to with w boson

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measurements. The data is up Besides, but
we add them as dependents. So we it's kind

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of a scan of different scales. And also we
add the pity dependents since we have a

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final state. So the left plot is the cost
section as a function of Damien mess,

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where we see this continuum here. And we
compared to bootleg so next week in order

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predictions, we're done with a free PDF cd
14, or with nuclear modifications to the

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PDF CPP f 16. In the center, we have the
cross section in the low mass region

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between 15 and 60 G. And then on the
right, this is the forward backward ratio

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for those ms region 60 to 120 G. And
there's many, much more to see in these

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different

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models. Moving to

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lead the video on zebras on Cinder. Let's
So back to our class as mentioned before,

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They mentioned them George W and z bosons
in positions, the data seem to be at least

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for the normalization to be here better
described by ct 14

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when you use such 14 rather than using,

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yes.

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But also in in, in these papers, it's
mentioned that the next two next to

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anything other effects are important and
the effect of normalization. So it's so

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big I hear seems that city 14 keeps a bit
of prediction with the description. And

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also we have this new results from Alice.
Were also when we saw maybe a different

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bit here, what they see is that the
description seems to be better when you

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include

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nuclear modifications of the PDF, so MPP

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16,

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let me move to the Jets which I mentioned
earlier. So this is a Very good job of

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glue and nuclear PDFs of a wide range of,
of acts

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from shadowing to actually doing an EMC.

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So So yeah, if you look at this, but since
we have this

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anti correlation

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between x and theta jitsu, we see on Tasha
doing some shadowing and then actually

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doing it at midnight PDT and then gets to
diabetes, we have to see effect. And it's

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worth noting that the data was already
included into ebp f 16. Fit. But here, so

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there was a previous paper from CMS with
only p net but here, this is a p net to PP

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ratio. And this is let's sensitive to the
modeling of the process in pp. So we

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directly see the medications that they
give. Again, move now to photons.

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Important collisions. So they're also
expected to be sensitive to the initial

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state i just been in an ETF. So here we
see that the main modification with

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respect to a flatline to a flat outlet is
simply as a spin. So different grouping of

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photons to up and down quarks and
different mixtures and we have various

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tones in the ledgers and the data agree
better with the when you pay 16 receipt,

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for instance, here in the center, but
okay, the consensus orbits model here,

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given the composition, and also from CMS,
we have a new paper on photon position

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pump photon pollution in lead collisions.
And, and this is also sensitive to PDFs

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though not very sensitive because again,
we have we don't expect very large effects

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on the job PDFs. And the uncertainties
asked to do much better than the previous

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results of cosmic maybe not fully precise
enough to to see this more nuclear PDF

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effects here. Okay, I'll move for the last
few minutes to prepare for collisions and

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then

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the peak meter.

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Yes. So, here the idea is to use the lead
ions as a source of material photons. And

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they can be used as a probe of the
political structure and we have some

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sensitivity to ups especially for instance
with photonic your prediction as the

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production site as shown on the right.

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Do you have two minutes? Okay.

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Just a world first about Graco Yeah,

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in photon photon photon lead collisions
with some of the synthesis from Allison

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LCB. Go here on gypsy in delegations
equations and then on the right this is a

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coherent epsilon prediction input.
equations from CMS and the data are

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compared to many different kinds of models
with leading all their own excluding other

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and different implementations of billing
situation. And we see that okay, the data

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is already telling us something about
these models I mentioned earlier for

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nuclear jets. So here is again a sketch of
how these are produced. So we're putting

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probing gluons in the in the lead nucleus.
And the photon lead interactions are

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selected using GCC ability gaps. And then
the data compared to PCR with a photon

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spectrum which is related to predictions
from satellite and naturally shown here

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but as discussed earlier, we this process
is sensitive to nuclear PDFs and just

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quickly flash the slide on the clock on
the on the heavy flavor which are more

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produced in Korean fusion and so we have
sensitivity to pure nuclear PDFs and very

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small x square, chunky, the precision is
quite limited. They have logical sections.

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So here I'm interested in many different
results from Allison lcV. And the

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experimental precision is is is really
excellent. The difficulty is to process by

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process to to make sure that to study the
importance of higher twist or

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factorization breaking effects one place
where I think it's obvious is here when

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compared to FCM say to us up yet so we
have PP in for Patel equation says

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efficient ability for medics and we see
here that a twist is different from GPI

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meaning that navely

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okay chip say

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we have to see if def sec can be included
in in PDF IDs Problem site with cannot

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because we don't really expect I mean,
from the nuclear PDF point of view, we

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don't really expect big differences
between chips I am say two. So, probably

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some other effects are in play for from
say twice that may be different from from

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Gypsy. But for the other data we see that
these are quite precise data and there is

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a lot of ongoing discussions from from the
service side to see how these data can be

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included to counseling therapy. Yes,
audience mics and some just in here since

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an out of time with a sorority. So, we
have really a lot of recent results on

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experimental results sensitive to initial
state, the uncertainties are getting quite

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small and they will get even smaller in
the future of course, but we saw also that

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depending on the process, the entropy of
interpretation Not the wayside for a

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while, we have to keep in mind details of
patterning, process modeling, geometric

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scaling, factorization, breaking effects.
Thank you.

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Thank you. Thanks so much for this
interesting talk, you really covered a

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wide range of experimental probes. So we
now have just maybe a minute or two we

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could take a question. If you have a
question, please press the raised hand

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button that you have. Okay. I see a
question from question.

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Yes. So, I mean, can you go to your page
two slides, can you I mean, probably not

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in question. And can you explain a bit why
four w plus w minus a.

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Now these suck me next next page sorry, x
base on is I have WPS Yes, this one so

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left hand so why w plus the b minus they
are different. I have different I. Oh,

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yes, sorry. So they have different

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so I'll try to explain it quick. But

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simply because the

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the coupling of W buttons to up and down
quarks is different, and they also have

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different probability distributions. So So
that's, that's why and so this ratio of w

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plus to w minus is different in the lead
to pp. Again, because of I just been

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effects, so.

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Okay, I see, I would need a sketch.

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He does, but in short, this is the reason.

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Okay, okay. I see. Okay. Thank you.

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Very good. Thanks. So I think that we
should move on to the next talk in order

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to keep with the agenda, but just a
reminder that we will